Communication is so much more than just words. It's how children connect with their world, express their needs, share their wonder, and build relationships that will last a lifetime. From a baby's first coo to a teenager's complex conversations, language development unfolds in predictable yet beautifully unique patterns that reflect each child's individual journey toward self-expression.
As a pediatric occupational therapist, I see daily how communication development intertwines with every other area of growth. Strong communication skills support emotional regulation, social connections, and academic success, while sensory processing, motor skills, and cognitive development all contribute to a child's ability to understand and use language effectively. While speech-language pathologists are the experts in addressing communication challenges, these milestones can help you celebrate your child's progress and recognize when additional support might be beneficial.
My hope is that these cards help you see the incredible complexity and beauty of your child's developing communication skills, honoring both their current abilities and their emerging potential.
These developmental milestones are grounded in current research from speech-language pathology, developmental psychology, and pediatric therapy literature. The age ranges reflect typical patterns while acknowledging that every child's communication journey is wonderfully unique. This information is designed to celebrate development and guide understanding, not to replace professional evaluation when concerns arise.
Early Language Development
Yale Medicine. (2023). Understanding language development milestones.
Hart, B., & Risley, T. R. (1995). Meaningful differences in the lives of American children. Paul H. Brookes.
Gonzalez, T., et al. (2023). COVID-19 and bilingual children's home language environment. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1115108.
Snow, C. E., Burns, M. S., & Griffin, P. (1998). Preventing reading difficulties in young children. National Academy Press.
Nippold, M. A. (2016). Later language development: School-age children, adolescents, and young adults. Pro-Ed.
Encyclopedia on Early Childhood Development. (2023. Culture and language development.
PMC. (2023). Developmental milestones in early childhood and genetic liability to neurodevelopmental disorders.
CDC and AAP. (2022). Evidence-informed milestones for developmental surveillance tools. Pediatrics, 149(3), e2021052138.
ASHA. (2022). Comments on CDC and AAP developmental milestones updates.
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